Level 1: Water

Water consumption is necessary for metabolism, normal physiological function, and may provide essential minerals such as calcium, magnesium, and fluoride. Because of the importance of water for human life, and because of our incomplete understanding of everyday water turnover, scientists have recently begun studies of human water requirements, the assessment of hydration, and the relationship between hydration status and human health. Acute dehydration results in impaired cognition, moodiness, poor thermoregulation, reduced cardiovascular function, and impaired physical work capacity.

The panel recommends 20-50 fluid ounces of water per day, but notes that all beverage needs for adults can be met with water.