Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adults during 1980–2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

Citation:

Ng, Marie; Fleming, Tom; Robinson, Margaret; Thomson, Blake; Graetz, Nicholas; Margono, Christopher; Mullany, Erin C.; Biryukov, Stan; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abraham, Jerry P.; Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.; Achoki, Tom; AlBuhairan, Fadia S.; Alemu, Zewdie A.; Alfonso, Rafael; Ali, Mohammed K.; Ali, Raghib; Guzman, Nelson Alvis; Ammar, Walid; Anwari, Palwasha; Banerjee, Amitava; Barquera, Simon; Basu, Sanjay; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bhutta, Zulfiqar; Blore, Jed; Cabral, Norberto; Nonato, Ismael Campos; Chang, Jung-Chen; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Courville, Karen J.; Criqui, Michael H.; Cundiff, David K.; Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C.; Dandona, Lalit; Davis, Adrian; Dayama, Anand; Dharmaratne, Samath D.; Ding, Eric L.; Durrani, Adnan M.; Esteghamati, Alireza; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fay, Derek F. J.; Feigin, Valery L.; Flaxman, Abraham; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Goto, Atsushi; Green, Mark A.; Gupta, Rajeev; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hankey, Graeme J.; Harewood, Heather C.; Havmoeller, Rasmus; Hay, Simon; Hernandez, Lucia; Husseini, Abdullatif; Idrisov, Bulat T.; Ikeda, Nayu; Islami, Farhad; Jahangir, Eiman; Jassal, Simerjot K.; Jee, Sun Ha; Jeffreys, Mona; Jonas, Jost B.; Kabagambe, Edmond K.; Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan; Kengne, Andre Pascal; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khang, Young-Ho; Kim, Daniel; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kinge, Jonas M.; Kokubo, Yoshihiro; Kosen, Soewarta; Kwan, Gene; Lai, Taavi; Leinsalu, Mall; Li, Yichong; Liang, Xiaofeng; Liu, Shiwei; Logroscino, Giancarlo; Lotufo, Paulo A.; Lu, Yuan; Ma, Jixiang; Mainoo, Nana Kwaku; Mensah, George A.; Merriman, Tony R.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Moschandreas, Joanna; Naghavi, Mohsen; Naheed, Aliya; Nand, Devina; Narayan, K. M. Venkat; Nelson, Erica Leigh; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Nisar, Muhammad Imran; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Oti, Samuel O.; Pedroza, Andrea; Prabhakaran, Dorairaj; Roy, Nobhojit; Sampson, Uchechukwu; Seo, Hyeyoung; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Shibuya, Kenji; Shiri, Rahman; Shiue, Ivy; Singh, Gitanjali M.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Skirbekk, Vegard; Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C.; Sturua, Lela; Sykes, Bryan L.; Tobias, Martin; Tran, Bach X.; Trasande, Leonardo; Toyoshima, Hideaki; van de Vijver, Steven; Vasankari, Tommi J.; Veerman, J. Lennert; Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Vollset, Stein Emil; Vos, Theo; Wang, Claire; Wang, XiaoRong; Weiderpass, Elisabete; Werdecker, Andrea; Wright, Jonathan L.; Yang, Y. Claire; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yoon, Jihyun; Yoon, Seok-Jun; Zhao, Yong; Zhou, Maigeng; Zhu, Shankuan; Lopez, Alan D.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; & Gakidou, Emmanuela. (2014). Global, Regional, and National Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Children and Adults during 1980–2013: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 384(9945), 766-81. PMCID: PMC4624264

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Abstract:

SummaryBackground In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013. Methods We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19 244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4–29·3) to 36·9% (36·3–37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3–30·2) to 38·0% (37·5–38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9–24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7–23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7–8·6) to 12·9% (12·3–13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1–8·8) to 13·4% (13·0–13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Interpretation Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

URL:

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

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Reference Type:
JOUR

Secondary Title:

Series Title:

Author(s):
Ng, Marie
Fleming, Tom
Robinson, Margaret
Thomson, Blake
Graetz, Nicholas
Margono, Christopher
Mullany, Erin C.
Biryukov, Stan
Abbafati, Cristiana
Abera, Semaw Ferede
Abraham, Jerry P.
Abu-Rmeileh, Niveen M. E.
Achoki, Tom
AlBuhairan, Fadia S.
Alemu, Zewdie A.
Alfonso, Rafael
Ali, Mohammed K.
Ali, Raghib
Guzman, Nelson Alvis
Ammar, Walid
Anwari, Palwasha
Banerjee, Amitava
Barquera, Simon
Basu, Sanjay
Bennett, Derrick A.
Bhutta, Zulfiqar
Blore, Jed
Cabral, Norberto
Nonato, Ismael Campos
Chang, Jung-Chen
Chowdhury, Rajiv
Courville, Karen J.
Criqui, Michael H.
Cundiff, David K.
Dabhadkar, Kaustubh C.
Dandona, Lalit
Davis, Adrian
Dayama, Anand
Dharmaratne, Samath D.
Ding, Eric L.
Durrani, Adnan M.
Esteghamati, Alireza
Farzadfar, Farshad
Fay, Derek F. J.
Feigin, Valery L.
Flaxman, Abraham
Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.
Goto, Atsushi
Green, Mark A.
Gupta, Rajeev
Hafezi-Nejad, Nima
Hankey, Graeme J.
Harewood, Heather C.
Havmoeller, Rasmus
Hay, Simon
Hernandez, Lucia
Husseini, Abdullatif
Idrisov, Bulat T.
Ikeda, Nayu
Islami, Farhad
Jahangir, Eiman
Jassal, Simerjot K.
Jee, Sun Ha
Jeffreys, Mona
Jonas, Jost B.
Kabagambe, Edmond K.
Khalifa, Shams Eldin Ali Hassan
Kengne, Andre Pascal
Khader, Yousef Saleh
Khang, Young-Ho
Kim, Daniel
Kimokoti, Ruth W.
Kinge, Jonas M.
Kokubo, Yoshihiro
Kosen, Soewarta
Kwan, Gene
Lai, Taavi
Leinsalu, Mall
Li, Yichong
Liang, Xiaofeng
Liu, Shiwei
Logroscino, Giancarlo
Lotufo, Paulo A.
Lu, Yuan
Ma, Jixiang
Mainoo, Nana Kwaku
Mensah, George A.
Merriman, Tony R.
Mokdad, Ali H.
Moschandreas, Joanna
Naghavi, Mohsen
Naheed, Aliya
Nand, Devina
Narayan, K. M. Venkat
Nelson, Erica Leigh
Neuhouser, Marian L.
Nisar, Muhammad Imran
Ohkubo, Takayoshi
Oti, Samuel O.
Pedroza, Andrea
Prabhakaran, Dorairaj
Roy, Nobhojit
Sampson, Uchechukwu
Seo, Hyeyoung
Sepanlou, Sadaf G.
Shibuya, Kenji
Shiri, Rahman
Shiue, Ivy
Singh, Gitanjali M.
Singh, Jasvinder A.
Skirbekk, Vegard
Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C.
Sturua, Lela
Sykes, Bryan L.
Tobias, Martin
Tran, Bach X.
Trasande, Leonardo
Toyoshima, Hideaki
van de Vijver, Steven
Vasankari, Tommi J.
Veerman, J. Lennert
Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo
Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich
Vollset, Stein Emil
Vos, Theo
Wang, Claire
Wang, XiaoRong
Weiderpass, Elisabete
Werdecker, Andrea
Wright, Jonathan L.
Yang, Y. Claire
Yatsuya, Hiroshi
Yoon, Jihyun
Yoon, Seok-Jun
Zhao, Yong
Zhou, Maigeng
Zhu, Shankuan
Lopez, Alan D.
Murray, Christopher J. L.
Gakidou, Emmanuela

Editor(s):

Series Author(s):

Year Published:
2014

Date Published:

Journal Name:
The Lancet

Volume Number:
384

Issue Number:
9945

Start Page Number:
766-81

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DOI:

PMCID:
PMC4624264

NIHMSID:

Reference ID:
2318

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