Local-Level Risk Factors for Diarrheal Disease
 |
 |
Project Summary
This study investigates local-level risk of diarrheal diseases in rural Bangladesh using a comprehensive geographic information system (GIS) database of health and population events. This work is unique to cholera research because it involves measuring neighborhood-level socio-environmental risk factors with spatial analytical methods.
Using an ecological approach, the project has identified environmental, socioeconomic, and biological risk factors for several different diarrheal diseases including cholera and shigellosis. The project included a study that examined relationships between cholera and large flood control embankments and provided supporting evidence concerning the existence and importance of an aquatic cholera reservoir.
Project Team Members
Michael Emch
Margaret Carrel
Elisabeth Root
Sophia Giebultowicz
Caryl Feldacker
Veronica Escamilla
Publications
Carrel, M., Emch, M., Streatfield, P.K., & Yunus, M. (2009) Spatio-temporal clustering of cholera: The impact of flood control in Matlab, Bangladesh, 1983-2003. Health & Place. In press. doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.12.008.
Emch, M.E. (1999) Diarrheal disease risk in Matlab, Bangladesh. Social Science & Medicine 49:519-530. link to article
Emch, M.E. (2000) Relationships between flood control, kala-azar, and diarrheal disease in Bangladesh. Environment and Planning A, 32:1051-1063. link to article
Ali, M.; Emch, M.; Ashley, C.; and Streatfield, P.K. (2001) Implementation of a medical geographic information system: Concepts and uses. Journal
of Health, Population, and Nutrition, 19(2):100-110. link to article
Emch, M.E. and Ali, M. (2001) Spatial and temporal patterns of diarrheal disease in Matlab, Bangladesh. Environment and Planning A, 33(2):339-350. link to article
Ali, M.; Emch, M.E.; and Donnay, J.P. (2002) Spatial filtering using a raster geographic information system: Methods for scaling health and environmental data. Health & Place. 8(2):85-92. link to article
Ali, M.; Emch, M.; Donnay, J.P.; Yunus, M.; and Sack, R.B. (2002) Identifying environmental risk factors for endemic cholera in Bangladesh. Health & Place, 8(3):201-210. link to article
Ali, M.; Emch, M.; Donnay, J.P.; Yunus, M.; and Sack, R.B. (2002) The spatial epidemiology of cholera in an endemic area of Bangladesh. Social Science & Medicine, 55(6):1015-1024. link to article
Ali, M.; Emch, M.E.; Yunus, M; and Sack, R.B. (2002) Are the environmental niches of Vibrio cholerae 0139 different from those of Vibrio cholerae 01 El Tor? International Journal of Infectious Disease, 5(4):214-9. link to article
Emch, M.E. and Ali, M. (2003) Spatial cluster analysis for etiological research and identification of socio-environmental risk factors. In Khan, O., and Skinner, R. (Eds.) Geographic Information Systems and Health Applications, Idea Group Publishing: Hershey, Pennsylvania, pp. 172-187.
Ali, M.: Park, J.K.; Thiem, D.; von Seidlein, L.; Canh, D.; Emch, M.E.; and Clemens J.D. (2005) Neighborhood size and local geographic variation of health events: Using Hartley’s test of homogeneity to select optimal neighborhood size. International Journal of Health Geographics 2005, 4:12. link to article
Ali, M.; Goovaerts, P.; Nazia, N.; Haq, MZ; Yunus, M.; Emch, M. (2006) Mapping the risk of endemic disease from individual-level data using Poisson kriging. International Journal of Health Geographics. 5(45):1-11. link to article
Emch, M.; Ali, M.; Yunus, M. (2008) Risk areas and neighborhood-level risk factors for Shigella dysenteriae 1 and Shigella flexneri: Implications for vaccine development. Health & Place. 14: 96-105. link to article
Carrel, M.; Emch, M.; Streatfield, K.; Yunus, M. (submitted) Spatio-temporal clustering of cholera: The impact of flood control in Matlab, Bangladesh, 1983-2003.
Carrel, M.; Emch, M.; Streatfield, K.; Yunus, M. (submitted) The impact of flood control on cholera-environment relationships in Bangladesh.
Emch, M. and Root, E. (2008) Emerging and re-emerging diseases. In Moon, G., McLafferty, S., and Brown, T. A. (Eds.) Companion to Health and Medical Geography. Blackwell: Oxford, United Kingdom.
Emch, M.E. and Carrel, M. (2009, in press) Neighbourhood effects on environmental health: Neighborhoods and environmental determinants of infectious diseases. In Diez-Roux, A., (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Oxford: Elsevier Ltd.
Presentations
Emch, M.; Escamilla, V., Feldacker, C. (2009). Local population and regional environmental drivers of cholera in Bangladesh. Association of American Geographers, Las Vegas, 3/22-27/09.
Funding
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health & Society Seed Grant, “Columbia University Infectious Disease Working Group.” 2005-06.
NOAA: Oceans and Human Health, “Cholera across Scales: Oceanic Links to Climate and Local Estuarine Influences.” 2005-07.
Collaborating Institutions
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh
