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SUMMARY:Margaret Sheridan: Deprivation and threat\, testing conceptual model of adversity exposure and developmental outcomes
DESCRIPTION:On April 9\, 2021\, Margaret Sheridan\, an Assistant Professor in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\, will present “Deprivation and threat\, testing conceptual model of adversity exposure and developmental outcomes” as part of the Carolina Population Center’s 2020-21 Interdisciplinary Research Seminar Series. This year\, the CPC Interdisciplinary Research Seminars will be open to both CPC members and Social Epidemiology program members. \nAbstract: \nExposure to childhood adversity is common and associated with a host of negative developmental outcomes as well as differences in neural structure and function. It is commonly posited that these social experiences “get under the skin” in early childhood\, increasing long-term risk through disruptions to biology. In this talk I propose a novel approach to studying the link between adversity\, brain development\, and risk for psychopathology\, the dimensional model of adversity and psychopathology (DMAP). In this model we propose that adversity exposure can be defined according to  different dimensions which we expect to impact health and well-being through different neural substrates. Whereas we expect deprivation to primarily disrupt function and structure of lateral association cortex (e.g.\, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and superior parietal cortex) and thus complex cognitive processing such as executive functioning. In contrast\, we expect threat to alter structure and function of subcortical structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala and midline regions associated with emotion regulation such as the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and thus\, associated emotion reactivity and automatic regulation processes. In a series of studies I test the basic tenants of the DMAP concluding that initial evidence\, using both a priori hypothesis testing and data-driven approaches is consistent with the proposed model. I conclude by describing future work addressing multiple dimensions of adversity and potential adjustments to the model. \nBio: \nMargaret Sheridan is an Assistant Professor in the Clinical Psychology Program at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She is the director of the Child Imaging Research on Cognition and Life Experiences Lab (CIRCLE Lab). Margaret’s research examines typical and atypical neurodevelopment of the prefrontal cortex and related systems supporting development of executive function across age. In particular within the CIRCLE lab we examine how early life experiences ranging from maltreatment to poverty or institutionalization impact neural development leading to risk for externalizing psychopathology. Our work has demonstrated that exposure to a variety of early life adversities are related to deficits in function of the prefrontal cortex and that different exposures may impact neural development in specific ways. In particular exposures to threat or violence may impact neural development and thus risk for externalizing psychopathology differently than exposures characterized by a lack of social interaction\, cognitive enrichment\, and complex linguistic experience. The CIRCLE lab uses multiple neuroimaging methods (e.g.\, EEG/ERP\, fMRI\, structural MRI) and multiple behavioral methods (e.g.\, cognitive testing\, structured clinical interview\, in home observation) to achieve these goals. \nThis event will be held on Zoom. You can register here. We will post a recording after the talk. You can see previous events here.
URL:https://www.cpc.unc.edu/event/margaret-sheridan-tbd/
CATEGORIES:2020-21 Interdisciplinary Research Seminars,Aging
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DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20210416T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20210416T130000
DTSTAMP:20260404T060145
CREATED:20210104T162725Z
LAST-MODIFIED:20210121T135259Z
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SUMMARY:Ross Boyce: Geography as Destiny: Malaria in the Highlands of Western Uganda
DESCRIPTION:On April 16\, 2021\, Ross Boyce\, a Fellow in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine\, will present “Geography as Destiny: Malaria in the Highlands of Western Uganda” as part of the Carolina Population Center’s 2020-21 Interdisciplinary Research Seminar Series. This year\, the CPC Interdisciplinary Research Seminars will be open to both CPC members and Social Epidemiology program members. \nAbstract: \nMalaria remains one of the leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality in Uganda\, despite the availability of effective prevention measures\, diagnostic tools\, and treatments. The development of new interventions to achieve further progress against the disease requires a detailed knowledge of the geographic factors that drive transmission as well as an intricate understanding of the existing public health systems that provide frontline care. Nowhere are these factors more important than in western Uganda\, where the highland terrain creates micro-environments of intense transmission\, while also imposing significant barriers to service delivery and care seeking. \nBio: \nDr. Ross Boyce is a Fellow in the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine. He is a native of Clemmons\, North Carolina\, having graduated Magna Cum Laude from Davidson College with Honors in Chemistry. After graduation\, Dr. Boyce was commissioned as an Infantry Officer in the United States Army\, eventually rising to the rank of Captain. He completed two deployments to Iraq\, where he served in a variety leadership positions including Reconnaissance Platoon Leader\, Operations Officer\, and Civil-Military Officer. For his service\, Dr. Boyce was awarded three Bronze Star Medals\, including one with a Valor Device for heroism in combat. \nUpon leaving the military\, Dr. Boyce attended medical school at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Between his third and fourth years of medical school\, Dr. Boyce completed a M.Sc. In Public Health from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine\, focusing his thesis on the control of Dengue vectors. Dr. Boyce completed his medical residency at Massachusetts General Hospital\, where together with his partners at the Mbarara University of Science and Technology (MUST) and Epicentre Mbarara Research Base\, he has worked to establish an active malaria research program in the highlands of Western Uganda. \nDr. Boyce’s research focuses on the epidemiology of malaria and vector-borne diseases in East Africa\, particularly in rural\, underserved communities. He is interested in the expanding field of implementation science with the intent of developing and operationalizing evidence-based practices to improve care delivery and optimize limited resources. Currently\, Dr. Boyce has two areas of active investigation. The first is an evaluation of multiple antigen rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) to provide a semi-quantitative estimate of parasite density and ideally\, risk of severe malaria in order to guide management strategies at remote health facilities. A second area of investigation is the use of geographic information systems (GIS) to describe the spatial epidemiology of malaria and eventually identify and target “hotspots” via community-based interventions. Such work holds the potential to reduce local malaria transmission in a sustainable\, cost-effective manner\, while maximizing existing public health infrastructure such as community health workers. \nThis event will be held on Zoom. You can register here. We will post a recording after the talk. You can see previous events here.
URL:https://www.cpc.unc.edu/event/ross-boyce-geography-as-destiny-malaria-in-the-highlands-of-western-uganda/
CATEGORIES:2020-21 Interdisciplinary Research Seminars
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DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20210423T120000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20210423T130000
DTSTAMP:20260404T060145
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SUMMARY:Nancy Krieger: COVID-19\, structural racism\, embodied histories\, and the two-edged sword of data: structural problems require structural solutions
DESCRIPTION:On April 23\, 2021\, Nancy Krieger\, Professor of Social Epidemiology\, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences\, and Director of the HSPH Interdisciplinary Concentration on Women\, Gender\, and Health.\, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health\, will present “COVID-19\, structural racism\, embodied histories\, and the two-edged sword of data: structural problems require structural solutions” as part of the Carolina Population Center’s 2020-2021 Interdisciplinary Research Seminar Series. \nSuggested readings from Dr. Krieger \nAbstract: \nCOVID-19 has pulled the thread\, starkly revealing both profound connections – and profound divisions – both within the US and within and between countries worldwide\, with risk of infection\, illness\, and death profoundly and inequitably socially structured. Analyzing and acting to alter the myriad ways in which structural racism systemically generates health inequities\, including for COVID-19\, requires engaging with the two-edged sword of data. This sword cuts deeply with respect to the profound challenges of conceptualizing\, operationalizing\, and analyzing the very data deployed – i.e.\, racialized categories – to document racialized health inequities. In my presentation\, I use the example of COVID-19 to dissect the sword’s two edges: (1) the non-use (Edge #1) and (2) problematic use (Edge #2) of data on racialized groups – but the point is data for health justice. Because structural problems require structural solutions\, for both data and action for health justice\, I conclude with recommendations for a new feasible enforceable institutional mandate for the reporting and analysis of publicly-funded work involving racialized groups and health data. A core requirement is that racialized health data must always be conceptually justified and analyzed in relation to relevant data about racialized societal inequities. A new opportunity arises as US government agencies re-engage with their work\, with a stated commitment to racial and economic justice\, to move forward with structural measures to sharpen and strengthen the work for health equity. \nBio: \nNancy Krieger is Professor of Social Epidemiology and American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professor\, in the Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (HSPH) and Director of the HSPH Interdisciplinary Concentration on Women\, Gender\, and Health. She received her PhD in Epidemiology from the University of California at Berkeley in 1989. Dr. Krieger is an internationally recognized social epidemiologist\, with a background in biochemistry\, philosophy of science\, and the history of public health\, combined with over 35 years of activism linking issues involving social justice\, science\, and health. In 2004\, she became an ISI highly cited scientist (reaffirmed: 2015 ISI update)\, a group comprising “less than one-half of one percent of all publishing researchers\,” and in 2019 she was ranked as being “in the top 0.01% of scientists based on your impact” for both total career and in 2017 by a new international standardized citations metrics author database\, including as #1 among the 90 top scientists listed for 2017 with a primary field of public health and secondary field of epidemiology (https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000384). In 2013 she received the Wade Hampton Frost Award from the Epidemiology Section of the American Public Health Association\, and in 2015\, she was awarded the American Cancer Society Clinical Research Professorship\, which was renewed in 2020; also in 2020\, she was awarded the American College of Epidemiology’s “Outstanding Contributions to Epidemiology” award. \nInformed by an analysis of the history and politics of epidemiology and public health\, Dr. Krieger’s work addresses three topics: (1) conceptual frameworks to understand\, analyze\, and improve the people’s health\, including her ecosocial theory of disease distribution\, focused on embodiment and equity; (2) etiologic research on societal determinants of population health and health inequities\, including structural racism and other types of adverse discrimination; and (3) methodologic research to improve monitoring of health inequities. She is author of Epidemiology and The People’s Health: Theory and Context (Oxford University Press (OUP)\, 2011) and editor for the OUP series “Small Books Big Ideas in Population Health” (starting with Political Epidemiology & The People’s Health\, by Jason Beckfield\, OUP\, 2018; Climate Change & The People’s Health\, by Sharon Friel\, OUP\, 2019; and Critical Epidemiology & The People’s Health by Jaime Brielh\, OUP\, 2021). She also is editor of Embodying Inequality: Epidemiologic Perspectives (Baywood Press\, 2004) and co-editor\, with Glen Margo\, of AIDS: The Politics of Survival (Baywood Publishers\, 1994)\, and\, with Elizabeth Fee\, of Women’s Health\, Politics\, and Power: Essays on Sex/Gender\, Medicine\, and Public Health (Baywood Publishers\, 1994). In 1994 she co-founded\, and still chairs\, the Spirit of 1848 Caucus of the American Public Health Association\, which focuses on links between social justice and public health. \n  \nWe record as many videos as possible. You can see previous events here. \nThis event will be held on Zoom. You can register here. We will post a recording after the talk. You can see previous events here. \n 
URL:https://www.cpc.unc.edu/event/nancy-krieger-structural-racism-and-peoples-health-history-and-context-matters/
CATEGORIES:2020-21 Interdisciplinary Research Seminars,Aging
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