Socioeconomic and Genomic Roots of Verbal Ability from Current Evidence

Citation

Guo, Guang; Lin, Meng-Jung; & Harris, Kathleen Mullan (2022). Socioeconomic and Genomic Roots of Verbal Ability from Current Evidence. NPJ Science of Learning, 7(1), 22. PMCID: PMC9463438

Abstract

This research examines how the human genome and SES jointly and interactively shape verbal ability among youth in the U.S. The youth are aged 12–18 when the study starts. The research draws on findings from the latest GWAS as well as a rich set of longitudinal SES measures at individual, family and neighborhood levels from Add Health (N = 7194). Both SES and genome measures predict verbal ability well separately and jointly. More interestingly, the inclusion of both sets of predictors in the same model corrects for about 20% upward bias in the effect of the education PGS, and implies that about 20–30% of the effects of parental SES are not environmental, but parentally genomic. The three incremental R2s that measure the relative contributions of the two PGSs, the genomic component in parental SES, and the environmental component in parental SES are estimated to be about 1.5%, 1.5%, and 7.8%, respectively. The total environmental R2 and the total genomic R2 are, thus, 7.8% and 3%, respectively. These findings confirm the importance of SES environment and also pose challenges to traditional social-science research. Not only does an individual’s genome have an important direct influence on verbal ability, parental genomes also influence verbal ability through parental SES. The decades-long blueprint of including SES in a model and interpreting their effects as those of SES needs to be amended accordingly. A straightforward solution is to routinely collect DNA data for large social-science studies granted that the primary purpose is to understand social and environmental influences.

URL

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-022-00137-8

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2022

Journal Title

NPJ Science of Learning

Author(s)

Guo, Guang
Lin, Meng-Jung
Harris, Kathleen Mullan

Article Type

Regular

PMCID

PMC9463438

Data Set/Study

National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health)

Continent/Country

United States of America

State

Nonspecific

Race/Ethnicity

Hispanic Ancestry
European Ancestry

ORCiD

Guo - 0000-0002-4465-9881
Harris, KM - 0000-0001-9757-1026