Infant Gut Microbiome Associated with Cognitive Development

Citation

Carlson, Alexander L.; Xia, Kai; Azcarate-Peril, Maria Andrea; Goldman, Barbara Davis; Ahn, Mihye; Styner, Martin A.; Thompson, Amanda L.; Geng, Xiujuan; Gilmore, John H.; & Knickmeyer, Rebecca C. (2018). Infant Gut Microbiome Associated with Cognitive Development. Biological Psychiatry, 83(2), 148-159. PMCID: PMC5724966

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Studies in rodents provide compelling evidence that microorganisms inhabiting the gut influence neurodevelopment. In particular, experimental manipulations that alter intestinal microbiota impact exploratory and communicative behaviors and cognitive performance. In humans, the first years of life are a dynamic time in gut colonization and brain development, but little is known about the relationship between these two processes.
METHODS: We tested whether microbial composition at 1 year of age is associated with cognitive outcomes using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and with global and regional brain volumes using structural magnetic resonance imaging at 1 and 2 years of age. Fecal samples were collected from 89 typically developing 1-year-olds. 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing was used for identification and relative quantification of bacterial taxa.
RESULTS: Cluster analysis identified 3 groups of infants defined by their bacterial composition. Mullen scores at 2 years of age differed significantly between clusters. In addition, higher alpha diversity was associated with lower scores on the overall composite score, visual reception scale, and expressive language scale at 2 years of age. Exploratory analyses of neuroimaging data suggest the gut microbiome has minimal effects on regional brain volumes at 1 and 2 years of age.
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to demonstrate associations between the gut microbiota and cognition in human infants. As such, it represents an essential first step in translating animal data into the clinic.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.06.021

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2018

Journal Title

Biological Psychiatry

Author(s)

Carlson, Alexander L.
Xia, Kai
Azcarate-Peril, Maria Andrea
Goldman, Barbara Davis
Ahn, Mihye
Styner, Martin A.
Thompson, Amanda L.
Geng, Xiujuan
Gilmore, John H.
Knickmeyer, Rebecca C.

PMCID

PMC5724966

ORCiD

Thompson, AL - 0000-0002-5872-738X