Longitudinal Patterns of Unmet Need for Contraception among Women Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa

Citation

Rucinski, Katherine B.; Powers, Kimberly A.; Schwartz, Sheree R.; Pence, Brian W.; Chi, Benjamin H.; Black, Vivian; Rees, Helen V.; & Pettifor, Audrey E. (2018). Longitudinal Patterns of Unmet Need for Contraception among Women Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa. PLOS ONE, 13(12), e0209114. PMCID: PMC6301780

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Fertility intentions and contraceptive use are often not assessed in the context of clinical HIV care, representing a possible programming gap if women's family planning needs change over time. We aimed to identify longitudinal patterns of unmet need for contraception over a 12-month period among women living with HIV taking antiretroviral therapy (ART).
STUDY DESIGN: 850 non-pregnant, HIV-positive women aged 18-35 on or initiating ART in Johannesburg, South Africa, were enrolled into a prospective cohort study in 2009-2010. Fertility intentions and contraceptive use were assessed during routine HIV care visits via an interviewer-administered questionnaire, and women were referred for on-site contraceptive counseling. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify patterns of unmet need for contraception over 12 months, first in the entire population and then in a subset of recent ART initiators.
RESULTS: In the full population we identified four patterns of unmet need for contraception over one year. Half of the enrolled women were predicted to have a consistently high probability of unmet need, 22.9% a consistently low probability, 16.7% a decreasing probability, and 10.4% an increasing probability over time. Contraceptive method discontinuation and rapidly changing fertility intentions were the primary drivers of changing (increasing or decreasing) unmet need over follow-up. Results were similar in recent ART initiators.
CONCLUSIONS: Half of women were estimated to have a high probability of unmet need that persisted over time, and more than a quarter were estimated to experience patterns of changing unmet need over 12 months. Family planning needs should be assessed more regularly in HIV-positive women to prevent unintended pregnancies and support safer conception among women trying to conceive.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209114

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2018

Journal Title

PLOS ONE

Author(s)

Rucinski, Katherine B.
Powers, Kimberly A.
Schwartz, Sheree R.
Pence, Brian W.
Chi, Benjamin H.
Black, Vivian
Rees, Helen V.
Pettifor, Audrey E.

PMCID

PMC6301780

ORCiD

Pettifor - 0000-0002-3387-0817