Risk of Uterine Rupture and Adverse Perinatal Outcome at Term after Cesarean Delivery

Citation

Spong, Catherine Y.; Landon, Mark B.; Gilbert, Sharon A.; Rouse, Dwight J.; Leveno, Kenneth J.; Varner, Michael W.; Moawad, Atef H.; Simhan, Hyagriv N.; Harper, Margaret A.; & Wapner, Ronald J., et al. (2007). Risk of Uterine Rupture and Adverse Perinatal Outcome at Term after Cesarean Delivery. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 110(4), 801-807.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Current information on the risk of uterine rupture after cesarean delivery has generally compared the risk after trial of labor to that occurring with an elective cesarean delivery without labor. Because antepartum counseling cannot account for whether a woman will develop an indication requiring a repeat cesarean delivery or whether labor will occur before scheduled cesarean delivery, the purpose of this analysis was to provide clinically useful information regarding the risks of uterine rupture and adverse perinatal outcome for women at term with a history of prior cesarean delivery.
METHODS: Women with a term singleton gestation and prior cesarean delivery were studied over 4 years at 19 centers. For this analysis, outcomes from five groups were studied: trial of labor, elective repeat with no labor, elective repeat with labor (women presenting in early labor who subsequently underwent cesarean delivery), indicated repeat with labor, and indicated repeat without labor. All cases of uterine rupture were reviewed centrally to assure accuracy of diagnosis.
RESULTS: A total of 39,117 women were studied. In term pregnant women with a prior cesarean delivery, the overall risk for uterine rupture was 0.32% (125 of 39,117), and the overall risk for serious adverse perinatal outcome (stillbirth, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, neonatal death) was 106 of 39,049 (0.27%). The uterine rupture risk for indicated repeat cesarean delivery (labor or without labor) was 7 of 6,080 (0.12%); the risk for elective (no indication) repeat cesarean delivery (labor or without labor) was 4 of 17,714 (0.02%). Indicated repeat cesarean delivery increased the risk of uterine rupture by a factor of 5 (odds ratio 5.1, 95% confidence interval 1.49-17.44). In the absence of an indication, the presence of labor also increased the risk of uterine rupture (4 of 2,721 [0.15%] compared with 0 of 14,993, P<.01). The highest rate of uterine rupture occurred in women undergoing trial of labor (0.74%, 114 of 15,323).
CONCLUSION: At term, the risk of uterine rupture and adverse perinatal outcome for women with a singleton and prior cesarean delivery is low regardless of mode of delivery, occurring in 3 per 1,000 women. Maternal complications occurred in 3-8% of women within the five delivery groups.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: II.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000284622.71222.b2

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2007

Journal Title

Obstetrics & Gynecology

Author(s)

Spong, Catherine Y.
Landon, Mark B.
Gilbert, Sharon A.
Rouse, Dwight J.
Leveno, Kenneth J.
Varner, Michael W.
Moawad, Atef H.
Simhan, Hyagriv N.
Harper, Margaret A.
Wapner, Ronald J.
Sorokin, Yoram
Miodovnik, Menachem
Carpenter, Marshall W.
Peaceman, Alan M.
O'Sullivan, Mary Jo
Sibai, Baha M.
Langer, Oded
Thorp, John M., Jr.
Ramin, Susan M.
Mercer, Brian M., for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network

ORCiD

Thorp - 0000-0002-9307-6690