Association between Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The REGICOR Study

Citation

Rivera, Marcela; Basagana, Xavier; Aguilera, Inmaculada; Foraster, Maria; Agis, David; de Groot, Eric; Perez, Laura; Mendez, Michelle A.; Bouso, Laura; & Targa, Jaume, et al. (2013). Association between Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The REGICOR Study. Environmental Health Perspectives, 121(2), 223-230. PMCID: PMC3569680

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence of the effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on the chronic processes of atherogenesis is limited.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution with subclinical atherosclerosis, measured by carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and ankle-brachial index (ABI).
METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data collected during the reexamination (2007-2010) of 2,780 participants in the REGICOR (Registre Gironi del Cor: the Gerona Heart Register) study, a population-based prospective cohort in Girona, Spain. Long-term exposure across residences was calculated as the last 10 years' time-weighted average of residential nitrogen dioxide (NO2) estimates (based on a local-scale land-use regression model), traffic intensity in the nearest street, and traffic intensity in a 100 m buffer. Associations with IMT and ABI were estimated using linear regression and multinomial logistic regression, respectively, controlling for sex, age, smoking status, education, marital status, and several other potential confounders or intermediates.
RESULTS: Exposure contrasts between the 5th and 95th percentiles for NO2 (25 microg/m3), traffic intensity in the nearest street (15,000 vehicles/day), and traffic load within 100 m (7,200,000 vehicle-m/day) were associated with differences of 0.56% (95% CI: -1.5, 2.6%), 2.32% (95% CI: 0.48, 4.17%), and 1.91% (95% CI: -0.24, 4.06) percent difference in IMT, respectively. Exposures were positively associated with an ABI of > 1.3, but not an ABI of < 0.9. Stronger associations were observed among those with a high level of education and in men >/= 60 years of age.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term traffic-related exposures were associated with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis. Prospective studies are needed to confirm associations and further examine differences among population subgroups.

URL

http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205146

Reference Type

Journal Article

Year Published

2013

Journal Title

Environmental Health Perspectives

Author(s)

Rivera, Marcela
Basagana, Xavier
Aguilera, Inmaculada
Foraster, Maria
Agis, David
de Groot, Eric
Perez, Laura
Mendez, Michelle A.
Bouso, Laura
Targa, Jaume
Ramos, Rafael
Sala, Joan
Marrugat, Jaume
Elosua, Roberto
Kunzli, Nino

PMCID

PMC3569680